Cambio global en América Central: desafíos socioambientales y oportunidades para la cooperación regional
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Abstract
Global change poses major challenges in Central America, including climate change, hydrometeorological disasters, pollution, and soil degradation. This study analyzes trends from 1990 to 2020 using socio-environmental variables from the World Bank and EM-DAT. Through country-level correlation matrices, it identifies complex relationships between socioeconomic and environmental factors. The results reveal how economic diversification beyond agriculture drives GDP growth and reduces CO₂ emissions, highlighting the role of renewable energy in lowering the carbon footprint. Additionally, it emphasizes sustainable freshwater management as key to economic development. These findings are essential for informing environmental policies and mitigation strategies. By adopting integrated approaches, Central America can protect its natural environment and foster sustainable development.
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